This issue includes the news of G7 ministerial declaration of ocean protection and several research papers on Antarctica’s ecosystems.

This issue focused on a wide range of topics, including gender bias in marine science and conservation, Oscar’s Best Documentary My Octopus Teacher, and the connections between Mars and deep-sea exploration. Additionally, in the Academics section, we included a paper on the effectiveness of partially-protected Marine Protected Areas.

In the latest issue of Blue Pulse Bulletin, we shifted our attention towards the Leaders Summit on Climate. While many political leaders have vowed to tackle the carbon emission problem on land, they should not overlook the tight-knit relationship between climate policy and ocean policy.

In this issue of Bulletin, we focused on Japan’s controversial decision to release wastewater into ocean. We also included articles from two marine scientists, in which they share their opinions about recent popular Netflix documentary Seaspiracy.

The Perspectives section of this issue is devoted to the difference in benefits between strictly protected and permissive protected areas; while the issue looks at the blue economy and the associated management and technology.

In this issue, we reflect on the importance of the High Seas Biodiversity Agreement (BBNJ) through the lens of zigzagging decision makings of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations of Tuna. In the meanwhile, there is a focus on scientific analyses on effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas, as area-based management tools for high seas conservation.